Bronze tools and weapons begin to be used in Ireland.
Celtic peoples begin to arrive on the island from mainland Europe.
Ireland is ruled by a large number of small kingdoms.
According to legend, Cormac mac Airt rules Ireland as the High King
Niall of the Nine Hostages becomes High King.
Saint Patrick arrives in Ireland and introduces Christianity.
The Vikings invade Ireland attacking monasteries and towns along the coast.
The Vikings establish settlements in Ireland in the early 900s including the city of Dublin.
The Vikings are defeated by Irish King Brian Boru.
King Henry II of England comes to Ireland and claims the land as part of his empire.
King Henry III issues the Great Charter of Ireland.
Scottish leader Edward Bruce arrives to help fight against the Norman leaders.
The Black Plague strikes Ireland killing around 30% of the population.
The Statutes of Kilkenny are passed to keep the English and Irish cultures from merging. The English and Irish are forbidden to intermarry.
Thomas FitzGerald rebels against England. He is hung for his offenses three years later.
The Kingdom of Ireland is established with King Henry VIII of England as king.
The Nine Years' War begins between Ireland and England. The Irish are eventually defeated.
The Irish led by Hugh O'Neill are defeated at the Battle of Kinsale.
The northern area of Ulster is mostly populated by Scottish and English.
The Williamite War begins between the Jacobites (Catholics) and the Williamites (Protestants). The Williamites win.
A terrible famine strikes and hundreds of thousands die.
Night time raids are held to fight against rack-rents, tithe-collection, excessive priests' dues, evictions, and other oppressive acts.
The Irish rebel with the help of the French.
Robert Emmett and a small band of republican revolutionaries proclaimed the independence of Ireland.
A potato blight results in mass crop failures. Food continues to be exported to England while about a million perish, and a million flee starvation.
Rebels against British rule in what is called the Fenian Rising.
A new law for Irish home rule is delayed.
Members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood proclaim a free Irish Republic and seize government buildings in Dublin. Most of the rebel leaders are executed by the British.
Sinn Féin wins majority in elections and refuse to take their seats in parliament; declares independence from Britain. The Irish Republican Army (IRA) begins to fight against British forces.
Northern Ireland is established as part of the United Kingdom. The rest of Ireland becomes the Irish Free State.
Civil war breaks out between the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the National Army.
The Irish Free State is named Ireland by a new constitution.
Ireland is declared a free republic.
The Troubles begin in Northern Ireland between the IRA and the loyalists. Constant violence between the two groups exists up until 1998.
The Belfast Agreement is signed reducing the violence and putting an end to The Troubles.
The protocol has been a source of tension since it came into force at the start of 2021.
Disagreements over the protocol have stopped the Northern Ireland Assembly functioning.
The Belfast Good Friday agreement (BGFA) of 1998 gives the Northern Ireland secretary discretion to call a referendum at any point. However he is legally obliged to call one if there is a majority in Northern Ireland in favour of unification.